Type-writing machine.



N0. 658,|57. PaentPd Sept. I8, |900.

` H. W. MEHRITT.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(No Model) NiTED STATES PATENT EEICE.

HENRY w. MERRirT, or SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNoR To THEDENSMoRE TYPEWRITER COMPANY, or SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.Y 658,157', datedSeptember 18, 1900 application filed October 22, 1897. Serial No.'656,045.V (No model.)

To all whom' 'it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY W. MERRITT, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Springlield, in the county of Hampden and State ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inType-Writing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

y invention has for its main object-toppro- Io vide simple and effectivemeans for releasing the platen from its connection with the linespacin gmechanism, so as to enable the platen to be rotated freely in eitherdirection either for minute distances or through large arcs,

i5 as may be desired, andfor the purpose more particularly offacilitating the writing on paper having ruled lines or blank spaces inprinted lines, which are arranged or provided either at variable lineardistances apart, o r, if

zo equidistantly, yet at distances either greater or less than thedistance apart of the teeth of the ratchet-wheel forming a part of theusual line-spacing mechanism.

My invention consists in the features of z5 construction andcombinations of devices hereinafter more fully described, andparticularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is an end elevation of a platenor printing-roller 3o involving my improvements and showing the parts intheir normal conditions, the usual line-spacing lever employed inconnectionwith the ratchet-Wheel therein shown being omitted for thesake of simplifying the drawings in this View as well as in theremaining views.' Fig. 2 is an end elevation similar to Fig. 1, butshowing the releasing mechanism in a different position-that is to say,one in which the dogs or pawls are thrown out of 4o engagement with theiinetoothed ratchetwheel. Fig. 3 is a partial longitudinal section takenat the line m a: of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a similar section taken at theline y y of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a detail Sectional view taken-at the lineeof Fig. l. Fig. 6 is an end view, on

reduced scale., of part of the releasing` mechanism looking in thedirection of the arrow at Fig. 3 with the platen proper removed,

and Fig. 7 is a detail sectional View taken at 5o the line w w of Fig.l.

In the several viewsl the same part will be core 2 and rubber cover orsheath 3.

' ter the flange or head 6 and Whose heads over-I found designated bythe same numeral of reference. y

1 designates the usual cylindrical platen or printing-roller employed ina type-Writing machine and composed of the usual Wooden The core ismadehollow or yperforatedV axially, as

at 4., to receive the tubular shank 5 of a device consisting, mainly, ofsaid shank and 6o a circular plate or flange 6, which latter is securedto the right-hand end of the platencore by means of two screws 7 7,which pass lthrough perforations formed in the metallic flange 6 andscrew into the wooden body of`65 the core, thus connecting rigidlytogether said flanged'device and the platen propel'.

Within the bore 8 of the shank is seated or arranged the inner end ofthe platen rod or `shaft 9, which is preferablymade of two di- 7oameters, so as to form a shoulder' l0, which engages with an opposingshoulder 11, the

bore being also made of two diameters, as

shown. At the outer end of the shaft is pinned or screwed a knob orhandle 12, be-

tween which and the side bar 13 of the platen frame or carriage may bearranged a sleeve or Washer 14. The outer end or neck 15 of the tubularshank takes a bearing in a hole in the said side bar 13. l 8o Thetubular shank 5 is slotted or cut away on two diametrically-oppositelines, as at 16 16, and the head or flange is likewise out away incontinuation of the slots 16 for the ,introduction and operation of twolevers or dog-carrying arms 17, which are pvoted at 1S in the slots 16and provided at their innermost ends with preferably a single spring 19,i which operates normallyto spread the inner f ends of said levers orarms and cause the dogs 9o 20 at their outer ends to engage with theteeth of the ratchet-wheel 21, which wheel is preferably riveted at 21ato the outer side of another ratchet-wheel 22, and both said wheels areloosely mounted upon a circular hub 23, formed at the outer end of theflange or head l6. The said wheels are secured upon said l. hub againstaccidental lateral detachment by means of three screws 24, whose shanksen- 109 lap the outer side of the ratchet-Wheel 2l.

. The ratchet-wheel 2l. is formed with a multitude of very tine teeth,and the spaces between these teeth are engaged by thediametrically-opposite dogs 20, which are formed, preferably, with sharpor knife-like edges facing each other. Each dog-carrying lever is formedwith a straight bar-like portion 25 parallel with the axis of theplaten, a short radially-disposed portion 26, a shortlongitudinally-disposed portion 27, parallel with the portion 25, aradially-arranged portion 28 at right angles to the latter, and ashort]` inwardly-projecting portion 29, which carries the dog 20.

The dog-carrying levers are adapted to be acted upon by a vibratorydevice or plate 30,

which is perforated at aboutits middle to take a bearing on a circularseat 31 at near the outer extremity of the head. This plate or device 30is provided with two pairs of cams 32 33 32 33, each pair being ondiametricallyopposite sides of the said plate, and which latter is alsoformed or provided with laterally-projecting arms 34 and 35, adapted forcontact with two pins 36 and 37, projecting outwardly from the head 6.The plate or actuator 30 is formed with a slot or opening 38, whichreceives a portion of a screw or pin 39, which screws into or is securedto the shaft or rod 9. i' The projecting portion of said screw or pinpasses through a hole 40, formed in the seat or bearing 31 of the plate.The walls of this hole or opening are preferably made to taper or flareoutwardly to permit of an initial independent movement of the pin andplate when the shaft is turned and for the purpose of positivelydisengaging the dogs 2O from the fine-toothed ratchet-wheel 21 beforeany rotatory movement of the platen can take place, as will be presentlymore fully described.

In assembling the screw 39 is first passed through the daring hole 40 inthe seat and screwed into the shaft, and the vibratory plate 30 is thenslipped onto its seat with the slot or opening in register with thescrew and so as to embrace or house the same when properly seated, afterwhich the small ring or washer 41 may be put onto the bearing, so as tokeep the vibratory plate out of contact with the side bar 13 of theplaten-frame. Thus the vibratory plate and the head 6 are j put intooperative connection with the shaft or spindle.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the dogs 20 are shown as in engagement with theopposite sides of the inetoothed ratchetwheel. Vhen the parts are in thepositions represented, the platen ratchet-wheel 22 must turn with theplaten or roller, and it maybe turned either by applying the hand to theroller proper itself or to the usual hand-Wheel (not shown) at theleft-hand end of the roller, and which is rigidly secured thereto in theDensmore and other machines, and when the parts are in the positionshown at Fig. 1 when the line-space lever (not shown) is actuated itsdriving-pawl, engaging with the ratchetwheel 22, will turn the same andall of the other rotatory parts of the platen as a whole, the usualspringpressed holdfast dog or roller (not shown) playing in and out ofthe spaces between the teeth of the ratchet-wheel as the teeth pass bysaid holdfast device;`

but it will be observed that in such rotatory movements of the platenthe platen must turn step by step a distance equal to the distancebetween the space of one notch and that of an adjacent notch of theratchet- Wheel 22 and that hence such step-by-step feeding is unsuitedfor writing upon paper previously ruled or upon printed blanks havingspaces to be filled in on different lines. Of course for ordinary workwith plain and unruled paper the line-spacing mechanisms may act in theusual man ner. Now when it may be desired to turn the platen variablyindependently of the line-spacing mechanism and for the purpose ofbringing any ruled lines or blank spaces to the printing point or lineit is only necessary'to turn the handle or knob 12, and when this isdone the platen is released or separated from the line-spacing mechanismand may then be turn ed in either direction-either a very slightdistance or through a greater distance or arc, as may be desired ornecessary. At the beginning of the turning movement of the knob orhandle the pin 39, carried by the shaft and in engagement with the plate30, first turns or oscillates said plate slightly before any movement ofthe roller, and this initial movement of the plate operates, by means ofthe c ams thereon, to first act upon the dog-carrying levers and movethem outwardly or radially against the tension of their spring, so as tosimultaneously move both the dogs 2O from engagement with thetine-toothed ratchet- Wheel 2l. As the rotation of the knob and shaft isthen continued in the same direction, the head 6 is caused to turntherewith, and since said head is attached to the core of the platen thelatter is in consequence caused to turn at the same time; but duringthis rotative movement bot-h of the ratchet-wheels 2O and 21 remainstationary, their bearing or hub 23 rotating within the wheels` andwhich are prevented from turning by the holdfast dog or roller of theline-spacing mechanism. The platen being thus freed from the linespacingmechanism,it may of course be turned in either direction and to anydesired extent. It will be understood, of course, that when the dogs arein engagement with the ratchetwheel 21 and the line-spacing pawl isactuated'to drive the ratchet-wheel 22 all of the parts turn together.

Referring to Fig. 2, I have shown the dogs 20 as out of engagement andthe parts in the condition requisite to enable the platen to be rotatedWithout the ratchet-wheels, the actuating-plate 30 having beenoscillated slightly and the opposing cams 33 having vibrated the levers17 and caused a disengagement of said dogs. When the knob or han- IIOdle is released, the spring 19 immediately restores the dogs intoengagement with the fine-toothed wheel 21. If the shaft be turned in adirection opposite to that indicated at Fig. 2 by the position of theactuator 30, the cams 32 32 will act on the dog-carrying levers tosimultaneously disengage the dogs.

-It will thus be seen that the construction is such that.. the platenmay be released from the line-spacing mechanism and turned in eitherdirection by the mere turning of the shaft 9. As before explained, theplate 30 is vibrated during the initial turning of the shaft and beforeany movement of the roller occurs. The turning of the roller takes placeafter the said vibration of the plate and when the threaded pin 39 hascome against the wall at either side of the hole 40. At about this timeeither the arm 34: has come into contact with its pin 36 or the arm 35has come in contact with its pin 37, accordingto the direction ofturning of the shaft, and by such contact the head 6 is also caused toturn positively with the shaft and in turn to carry the platen with it.

It will be understood, of course, that the heads of the screws 24 do notbear tightly against the side of the toothed wheel 2l, and hence they donot interfere with the rotation of the head 6 independently of saidwheel and the line-spacing ratchet-Wheel when released from connectionwith the shaft and the platen, and it will also be understood that whenthis release is effected the dogs travel around the toothed wheel 21,but out of engagement therewith as the shaft is rotated. The teeth ofthe ratchet-wheel being very .fine or close together and the dogs havingknife-like edges when the handle is released the dogs will instantlyengage opposing spaces in said wheel and without eifecting the slightestrotation thereof due to such engagement. Hence whenever the'desiredruled line or blank space or other portion ofthe work is brought to theprinting point or line and the shaft is released there will be noshifting or movement of the paper which would take the same out of trueprintingvposition, as might be the case if the teeth were coarse orcomparatively far apart and the dogs should not move directly to theirseats.

Of course the mechanism is capable of advantageous use for makingcorrections in ordinary type-written matter where the line to becorrected must be brought around to the printing-point. For making suchcorrections it is only necessary to set the paper straight and then bymeans of the knob feed the paper along until the place of correction isbrought to the printing-point, thus avoiding pulling the paper by handover the surface of the platen, as heretofore generally practiced. t

The radially-cut teeth on the ratchet-wheel 2l are formed on the outsideor periphery of the wheel instead of on the inside, as in a companioncase, which is of advantage; since I can thereby obtain a greater numberof teeth and make a iiner-toothedwheel, and I can also cut them insteadof rolling them, which is the preferred method of making teeth.

It will be seen that the two ratchet-wheels 2l and 22, although made ofseparate rings, are by reason of their union together practically onedeviceto wit, a wheel or ring having a circular series of line-spacingratchetteeth and a separate circular series of fine ratchet-teeththrough the dogs to connect the device or compound -toothed wheel to theplaten.

It will also be seen that I have contrived a mechanism for adjusting thepaper in opposite directions through either regular or irregularintervals at will and that said mechanism comprises a cylindricalplaten, means operating automatically to position the platen afterrotation thereof in either direction, said positioning means including awheel, as 22, having a series of positioning teeth or notches arrangedat line-space intervals and a seriesl of minute teeth, as 21, providedupon or connected to said wheel. Of course during the operation of theline-feeding mechanism the wheel 22 performs the function of a line-feedwheel; but it will be understood that during the rotation off'the platenin either direction by the left-hand finger-wheel for the purpose ofadjusting the paper thereon through one or more line-spaces said wheel22 operates only as a positioning-wheel-that is to say, if the platenwhen turned should be stopped at a point between two lines of writingthe spring-eheck which is provided upon the Densmore machine would by acamming action upon a tooth of said wheel move the platen automaticallyaslight distance to bring the paper thereon into exact line-space posi-ytion. back a few lines either to correct an error or for any otherpurpose by means of the lefthand finger-wheel, which is rigidlyconnected to the platen, the wheel-22 coperating with the saidspring-check to position the platen so that the correction may be madeexact-1y upon the line of writing. Then the operator may rotate theplaten forwardly to continue his work, the wheel 22 again coperatiu gwith said spring check to position the platen. Hence by manipulation ofthe left-hand 1inger-wheel the paper may be adj usted in oppositedirections through regular line-space intervals, and by manipulation ofthe rightlOO Thus the operator may turn the platen t IIO handfinger-wheel the paper may be adjustedA results are obtained, it Will heunderstood that the platen may be released and turned if only one saiddog is used. Hence I do not want to be limited to the employment of bothdogs unless specifically stated in the claims.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is "i i 1.In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper in oppositedirections `through either regular or irregular intervals at will,comprising, in combination, acylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a seriesof minute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a dogconnected to the platen and normally in engage.

ment with said minute teeth, an oscillator mounted on the hub orbearing, and a hand shaft or spindle passing therethrough and connectedwith said oscillator.

2. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting the paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atWill, comprising in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation in either direction,said positioning means includinga Wheel having a set of positioningteeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set of minute teethconnected to or provided upon said Wheel, a dog connected to the platenand normally in engagement with said set of minute teeth, a hub orbearing, an oscillator mounted thereon and having a slot or opening, ashaft or spindle passing through said hub or bearing and having a radialpin projecting into said slot or opening.

3. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atwill, comprising, in colnbination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel havinga series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a spring-presseddog connecting said set of minute teeth to the platen, a hub or bearing,an oscillator mounted thereon and having a cam or projection fordisengaging said dog, and a hand `shaft or spindle passing through saidhub and operatively connected to said oscillator.

4c. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atWill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals,a seriesof minute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a plate orhead upon which said Wheel is mounted, said plate or head being securedto one end of said platen and having a tubular shank inserted Within theplaten, a spring-pressed dog normally engaging said series of minuteteeth, an oscillator for disengaging said dog, and a shaft or spindleoperatively connected to said oscillator.

5. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atwill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or'notches arranged at line-space intervals, a seriesof minute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a platen shaftor spindle, a plate or head secured to one end of the platen and havinga tubular shank inserted Within said platen, an arm or lever pivoted ina slot in said shank and carrying at its outer end a dog normallyengaging said series of minute teeth, and means for disengaging said dogoperatively connected to the platen shaft or spindle.

6. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atWill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or pro-` vided upon said Wheel, a plate orhead upon Which said Wheel is mounted, said plate or head being securedto one end of the platen and having a tubular shank inserted Within saidplaten, aspring-pressed arm or lever carrying a dog which is normally inengagement with said set of minute teeth, a hub orbearing on said plateor head, an oscillator mounted thereon,and a shaft or spindle passingthrough said hub or bearing and said shank and operatively connected tosaid oscillator.

7. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals, atWill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a plate or headsecured to one end of the platen and carrying a springpressed dognormally engaging said set of minute teeth, and an oscillator supportedby said plate or head and adapted to be turned to disengage said dog.

8. In a type-Writing machine, a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atWill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a head upon whichsaid Wheel is mounted, said head being secured to one end of the platenand having a tubular shank, a spring-pressed arm or lever pivoted tosaid shank and carrying a dog which is normally in engagement with saidset of minute teeth, a plate having a cam or projection, means forturning said plate to disengage the dog, and means for stopping at will,comprising, in combination, a cylin` drical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or provided upon. said Wheel, a plate or headupon which said wheel is mounted, said plate or head being secured toone end of said platen, a pair of diametricallyarranged springpresseddogs normally engaging said set of minute teeth, a plate having aplurality of cams or projections adapted to disengage both said dogs anda platen shaft or spindle for actuating said plate.

lO. In a type-Writing machine,a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervalsatwill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a wheel having a series of,positioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, ahead upon whichsaid wheel is mounted, said head being secured to one end of the platen,a pair of opposite spring-pressed dogs normally' engaging said set ofminute teeth, a plate mounted on a hub on said head and having four camsor projections, and a platen shaft or spindle operatively connected tosaid plate.

11. In a type-Writing machine,a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atWill, comprising, in combination, a cylin drical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth connected to or provided upon said Wheel, a head upon whichsaid Wheel is mounted, said head being secured to one end of the platen,a pair of opposite spring-pressed dogs normally in engagement With saidset of minute teeth, a plate provided With four cams or projections, anarm or arms adapted to a stop or stops on said head` and a platen shaftor spindle operatively connected to said plate.

12. In atype-Writing machine,a mechanism for adjusting paper in oppositedirections through either regular or irregular intervals at will,comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after'rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged atline-space intervals, a set ofminute teeth provided upon said Wheel, a head upon which said Wheel ismounted, said head being secured to one end of the platen and having atubular shank, a pair of arms or levers pivoted in slots in said shankand provided at their outer ends With dogs Which normally engage saidset of minute teeth on opposite sides, aplate mounted on a hub orbearing on said head and prei vided"with four cams or projections andtwo arms adapted to two stops on said head, and a platen shaft orspindle mounted in said tubular shank and provided with a pin adapted toa slot or opening in said plate. j

13. In a type-Writing machine,a mechanism for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervalsY atWill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, meansoperatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof ineither direction, saidpositioning means including a ring having a seriesof positioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervalsthereon, a set of minute teeth formed IOS upon a second ring which issecured to said iirst-mentioned ring,ahead upon which said rings aremounted, said head being secured to one end of said platen, a dognormally engaging said set of minute teeth, a platen shaft or spindle,and means connected therewith for disengaging said dog.

I4. Inatype-Writingmachine,a mechanism U5 for adjusting paper inopposite directions through either regular or irregular intervals atwill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means in- IZO cluding a ring having a seriesof positioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, asecond ring united to the first and having a series of minute teethformed thereon, a head upon which said rings are mounted, said headbeing secured to one end of said platen, a pair of spring-pressed dogsnormally engaging said set of minute teeth, an oscillator mounted onsaid head and adapted to both said dogs, and a handpiece operativelyconnected to said oscillator.

15. In a type-Writing machine,a mechanism for adjusting paper inoppositeV` directions through either regular or irregular intervals atwill, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a ring having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged atline-spaee intervals, a secondring having a series of minute teeth, said rings being connectedtogether and loosely mounted at one end of said platen, twospring-pressed dogs normally engaging said series of minute teeth, andmeans connected to the platen shaft or spindle for simultaneouslyengaging both of said dogs.

16. In atype-Writing machine,amechanism for adjusting paper in oppositedirections through either regular or irregular intervals at will,comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, means operatingautomatically to position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a ring having a series ofpositioning teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a secondring having a series of minute teeth, said rings being connectedtogether and loosely mounted at one end of said platen, a springpresseddog normally engaging said set of minute teeth and connected to theplaten, a platen shaft or spindle, and an intermediate device connectedthereto for disengaging said dog.

4to position the platen after rotation thereof in either direction, saidpositioning means including a ring having a serios of positioning teethor notches arranged at line-space intervals, a parallel ring having aset of minute teeth, said parallel rings being connected together andloosely mounted at one end of said platen, two diametrieally-arrangedspring-pressed dogs normally engaging said set of minute teeth, and anoscillator adapted to sim nltaneously disengage both said dogs, andaplaten shaft or spindle adapted to ac tuate said oscillator.

18. Inatype-Writingmachine,amechanism for adjusting paper in oppositedirections through either regular or irregular intervals at will,comprising, in combination, a cylindrical platen, meansoperatingautomatically to `position the platen after rotation thereof in eitherdirection, said positioning means including a Wheel having a series ofpositioning "teeth or notches arranged at line-space intervals, a seriesof minute teeth connected to or provided upon said wheel, a second Wheelrigidly connected thereto and having upon its outer peripheral edge aset of minute teeth, and a releasable dog connected to the platen andnormally in-engagement with said set of minute teeth.

Signed at Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State ofMassachusetts, this 18th day of October, A. D. 1897.

HENRY W. MERRITT. Witnesses:

J. G. DUNNING, GHAS. J. BOND.

